E Terms in the Supply Chain Glossary

A percentage-based measure comparing actual output to the standard expected output. Efficiency evaluates performance against established benchmarks, differing from productivity, which examines output relative to a specific input.

The electronic exchange of standardized business documents—such as purchase orders, shipment notices, and invoices—without paper, streamlining communication between trading partners.

Unique identifiers stored in RFID tags, providing product-specific information to support warranty programs and traceability.

The ultimate consumer of a product.

A framework for defining and managing business processes to improve planning and control. ERP systems provide extensive databases, including master records, cost and sales data, financial details, and transaction histories, to enhance internal knowledge and competitive advantage.

A framework that enables organizations to assess, monitor, and manage the environmental impact of their activities, products, and services.

ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. It's a type of software system used by organizations to manage and integrate core business processes. Here's a concise definition: ERP is an integrated suite of business management applications that allows an organization to use a system of interconnected modules to manage various aspects of its operations, including: Finance and accounting; Human resources; Manufacturing; Supply chain; Procurement; Project management; and Customer relationship management (CRM).

The integration of ethical considerations—such as supplier practices, fair trade, and corporate responsibility—into procurement processes to ensure integrity and sustainability.

A commitment to sourcing products responsibly, ensuring they are produced using sustainable and ethical methods.

A focused management approach addressing only issues outside predefined thresholds, prioritizing critical matters such as budget deviations or project risks.

A business entity that facilitates international trade by purchasing goods in one country and reselling them in another, handling logistics, transportation, and compliance.